Telephone conversations E.S.L.

Telephone conversations will vary depending on who you are speaking to.  However, there are some basic telephone vocabulary and expressions that one should use when having a personal telephone conversation in English.

Phrases/Vocabulary:

Opening of a Phone Conversation/Call:

"Hello?"
"How are you?"
"My name is..."
"What's your name?"
"Who's calling/this?"
"May I ask who's calling/or whom I'm speaking with?"
"Is this (name)?"
"Yes. This is her/him."
"Yes. This is (name) speaking."

Body of a Phone Conversation:

"Who would you like to speak to?"
"Can I help you?"
"I didn't get your name."
"Can I take a message?"
"I'll give him/her to message."
"I can't hear you (clearly).  Could you please speak up?"
"Could you please speak slowly?"

Ending A phone Conversation:

"Thank you (for your  help)."
"Could you please call back (in 10/15/20... minutes)?"
"I will call back. Thank you."
"Please call back in (time)."
"It was/been nice speaking with you."
"Thank for calling."
"Talk to you later."
"Bye for now."
"Goodbye."

Dialog:

Mark is making a personal telephone call to Jon.  The phone rings and Jon's mom answers...

Jon's mom: Hello?

Mark: Hello?  May I speak to Jon please?

Jon's mom: Sure.  May I ask who's calling?

Mark: Yes, it's Mark.

Jon's mom: Okay Mark. Could you please hold for one moment please?

Mark: Sure.  No problem.

Jon's mom: Thank you.

(Jon's mom leaves to get Jon).

Jon: Hello?

Mark:  Hi Jon.  I wanted to know what time you wanted to meet tomorrow to complete the sociology report.

Jon:  Well, I am busy in the morning so the afternoon is a good time for me.

Mark:  I cleared my whole day for this, because I really want to get this done.  It is due in a few days and we still have a lot to do.

Jon: Okay, 1:00pm is as early as I can get there.

Mark:  Okay.  I will see you then. Please call me if there are any changes in your schedule.

Jon: Sure. No problem. I will see you then. Bye.

Mark: Goodbye.

Now Your Turn!

Practice with a partner using the phrases above to create your own dialog.
Phone rings...

You:  Hello? Is ________ (name) there?

Your friend: __________________ (use the expressions above).

You: ______________ (respond according).

Your friend: _____________ (continue the dialog using the expressions above).

How to Get a Taxi Cab In English

Most of us know that the standard color of a taxi cab is yellow; however, that may vary depending on where one lives. No matter what the color is we can always identify a taxi by the big bold letters printed on it; "TAXI".  Hailing a taxi cab can be challenging for anyone.  That's why I am not only going to review where and how to get a taxi cab, but the art of 'hailing' a taxi cab. It's also important to remember that in most Western countries (like the U.S. and Canada) taxi drivers do expect to be tipped.

PHRASES:

"Taxi!" (You yell this while waving your hand at a taxi that is driving towards you or in your direction).
"Where can I get a taxi?"
"I'd like a taxi, please."
"I'd like a taxi to (address)."
"Do you have the number for a taxi (cab)?"
"Could call a taxi for me please?"
"Could you take me to the airport/train station/this address (if it's written down)/..."
"The address is..."
"I'm going to..."
"Can you get me there in 10 minutes/30 minutes/an hour..."
"I need to be there within the half hour/the hour/..."
"Is it far away/close by/...?"
"How much will it cost (to get there)?"
"Can you give me an estimate?"
"What's your flat rate?"
"How long do you think it will take to get there?"
"I need a receipt?"
"Is it possible for me to get a receipt (of the fare/charges)?"
"Here is your/a tip."
"(Please), keep the change."
"I would like my change back, please."
"Do you take visa, master or debit cards?"
"Do you have change for 10/20/40... dollars?


Dialog:

Max got off the plane in Los Angeles and now needs a taxi to his  hotel. He is unsure about where to go so he decided to go to the information stand inside the airport (terminal) for direction.

Max: "Excuse me. Could you please tell me where I can get a taxi?"

Customer Service Representative (CSR):  You can exit the main floor and flag a taxi or you can push the "taxi call" button in the exit. However, there are usually taxis sitting out front waiting for customers, so you can easily get one there.

Max: Thank you.

CSR:  You are welcome.  If you are having trouble finding one you can come back here and I'll call a taxi for you.

Max: Thanks again.

Max exits the terminal and finds a taxi...

Max: Could you take me to the Radisson Hotel, please?  How long to you think it will take to get there?

Taxi driver: It's very close to the airport, so it should take about 5 minutes to get there.

Max: That's perfect, because I had a really long flight.

Taxi driver: Where are you travelling from?

Max: Augusta, Maine.

Taxi driver: Here we are. We have arrived.

Max: Great!  How much will that be?

Taxi driver: Your fare is 6 dollars.

Max:  Here's a 10.  Please, keep the change.

Taxi driver: Thank you.  Have a good stay!

Max:  Thank you.

Now your Turn!

Use the phrases and dialog above as a guide to create your own dialog.

You:  Could you take me to...?

Your partner: Sure! What's the address?

You:  What's the address?

Your partner:  The address is __________________.

You:   What's your flat rate?

Your partner:  The flat rate is ___________.

You:  Okay.  Thank you.

Your partner:  ________________ (use the phrases above to continue the dialog or start a new dialog).


Vocabulary Review:

Flat rate - A charge or fee that does not change, but remains the same in all cases.

Hailing - To stop or call out to something. For example; to "hail a taxi cab".

- receiving a bill which marks what you have paid or a payment made.

- An optional payment given given in addition to payment made for a service given.  This is done as a show of appreciation, to reflect excellent or good service or as a way to say 'thank you'.

The art of... - To express something or the expression of something according to a set of principles or standard.

Great job today!

Talking About Health in English (E.S.L.)

It's important to be able to describe how you feel; however, that sometimes ties in one's medical condition or health.  Let's look at some phrases we can use to describe one's health.




Phrases:

"I'm (feeling) sick/ill."
"I'm hurt."
"I'm in a lot of pain."
"My (body part) is hurting me."
"I have a headache."
"I'm (feeling) nauseous."
"I have a tummy ache."
"I am stuffed/congested."
"I have sinus headache."
"My sinuses are blocked."
"My body is aching."
"I have a fever."/"My temperature is high."
"I feel weak (and tired)."
"My eyes are light sensitive."
"I have a backache."
"My chest is hurting."
"There is a sharp/acute pain in my (body part)."
"I am experiencing acid reflux."
"I am constipated...."
"I'm under the weather."
"I have a sore throat."


Suggestions:

"You should see a doctor."
"You should get some rest."
"I know a great home remedy."
"You should take some cough/cold/flu/allergy/... medicine for that."
"You should drink some chicken soup/hot tea/orange juice/... for that."
"Drink lots of fluids."

Get Well Comments:

"Get well soon."
"Feel better."
"I hope you feel better soon."
"I hope you get lots of rest."
"I hope you're back on your feet soon."
"Take care of yourself."
"I'll be making happy thoughts."

Dialog:

Diane went to her family physician, Dr. Tran, because she was feeling really sick.

Dr. Tran:  Describe the symptoms that you've been experiencing.

Diane:  Well I have been experiencing nausea, watery and ichy eyes.  My neck has also been aching.

Dr. Tran:  Okay.  Open your mouth and let me take a look...  Great.  Say "aaah".

Diane:  "Aaaah".

Dr.  Tran:  It's allergies, which seems to have resulted in a sinus infection.

Diane:  I see.  It's good to finally know.

Dr.  Tran:  I will write you a prescription for antibotics.

Diane:  Thank you doctor.

Dr.  Tran:  Here you go.  Take care of yourself.

Diane:  Have a good day.

Dr.  Tran:  Bye.

Now Your Turn!

Use the expression above to practice the dialog below.

You:  You don't look so good. Are you okay?

Your friend:  No.  I'm not.

You: I __________ (use the expressions above to describe your symptoms).

Your friend:  You should _____________ (offer some suggestions; use the expressions above).

You:  I think I'll try that! Thank you.

Your friend:  You are welcome.  I do hope you feel better soon. (use the get well comments above).

You:  I will.

Now switch roles and keep practicing until you are comfortable.

Great job today!

Talking About Your Feelings In English (E.S.L.)

Let's look at some expressions that one can use to express emotions in English. 

Phrases:
"I'm unhappy."/"I'm unhappy about... (explain)."
"I'm excited!"
"I am frustrated."
"I am not feeling too well."
"I'm (feeling) confused."/"I am confused."
"I'm depressed."
"I'm exhilirated."
"I'm surprised."
"I'm hurt."/"My feelings are hurt."
"I'm (feeling) sad/blue/down."
"I'm (feeling) angry (right now)."


Daisy just returned home from work and is talking about her work day with  her daughter May.


Daisy:  Could you help me in the kitchen May?

May: Yes. Sure.

Daisy:  How was your day?

May:  Well, it was really hectic and I was on my feet the entire time so I'm really tired right now.

Daisy:  Usually you have a pretty easy going, more relaxed day.

May:  Yes, usually. However, it's that time of year again when we have a lot of shipments and we have to inventory so there is a lot going on.  It can be really overwhelming. 

Daisy: I understand.  I sorry to hear that you didn't have such a good day.

May:  Thanks... Well, enough about me.   How was your day?

Daisy:  My boss just announced that they are going to be laying off people, because of the fact that we lost one of our major accounts.  So everyone is panicking right now.

May: You seem pretty calm about the whole thing. But  how are really feeling?

Daisy:  I am worried about the fact that I could lose my job, but at the same time I don't want to think the worse.  What if I am one of  the lucky ones, then all that worrying would have been for nothing.  I just want to maintain a positive attitude.  If I do lose my job then I'll just find another one. 

May: I am so sorry to hear that mom.  I am sure everything will work out.  You are a good employee.

Daisy:  Thanks dear.

Now Your Turn!

Talk to a friend or family member about your feelings.

You: How are you feeling?
Your friend:  I am feeling ____________(adjective).
You:  I am glad/happy to hear that./I am sorry to hear that.
Your friend: Thank you.

Switch place and practice until you are comfortable with the dialog.

Great job today!

Talking About Hobbies/Interests In English

A great way to make small talk is to talk about what you do for fun or your hobbies.  It's also a great way to get to know someone. There are a few expressions that one can use when talking  about your interests and/or your  hobbies.

Conversation Opener:

"What are you into?"
"What are your interests/hobbies?"
"What do you like to do in your free/spare time?"
"Do you do anything for fun?"
"Do you have any interests/hobbies?"
"What sort of things do you do to relax?"/"What sort of things do like to do to help you relax?"
"What sort of  hobbies do you have?"
"What are you keen on?"

Possible Responses:

"I am really/quite into...(verb+ing/gerund + noun)."
"My interests and/or hobbies are....(verb+ing/gerund + noun)."
"I really like/enjoy..."
"In my spare/free time I like to _________."
"I like to __________ (list  hobby/hobbies) for fun."
"I like to...."
"My hobby is/hobbies are...."
"I am really keen on ____________ (verb+ing/gerund + noun)."
"I like/enjoy relaxing to ________ (noun)."
"I relax by _________ (verb+ing/gerund + noun)."

List of Reasons Why:


"...because it's a great way to relieve stress."/"...because it's a great stress reliever."
"...because it helps me to relax."
"...because it's fun and interesting."
"...because it's exciting/(other adjectives)."
"...because it helps me meditate/to clear my head/mind."
"...because it helps me to think."
"...because it's a great way to escape/get away from the everyday."
"...because it's a great form of meditation."
"...because my mom/dad/friend introduced me to it (and I've been doing it ever since)."

Dialog:

Jason has taken up a new hobby and has decided to call his friend Juan to share the news.

Juan:  Hello?

Jason: Hey man. Guess what?  Today I was at the bookstore and I found a Spiderman comic book from 1971.  Guess how much it's worth?

Juan: I am not into comics so my guess wouldn't be good.  How much?

Jason: $140!  Can you believe it?!

Juan:  I guess $140 is a good price?

Jason: Yes.  One reason is because there aren't a lot of them out there anymore and the second reason is because I only paid $2 for it!

Juan:  That is really good...  I didn't know you were into comic books?  I thought you were keen on collecting model cars?

Jason:  I am still into that, but I was at the bookstore with and saw boxes of old comic books a week ago that they were trying to get rid of and started to go through it and found it to be fruitful. 

Juan:  Really?  How?

Jason:  Because most of the comic books were in fine to very fine condition.  The problem is that they have so many of them and nowhere to store them. Maybe you would like to consider collecting...

Juan:  That's okay.  I will stick to collecting guitars, but thanks for the invitation.

Jason:  You are going to regret it... I got to run. 

Juan:  Bye.

Now Your Turn!

Use the phrases above to talk about your hobbies/interests or things you do to relax.

You:  What are you into? (You can replace it with any of the questions above).

Your friend:  I am really/quite into ___________ (verb+ing/gerund + noun).

You:  Why do you enjoy doing that?

Your friend:  I like it because/I like to doing that because....(give a reason)."

List of hobbies:
reading
fishing
hiking
bunji jumping
skiing
cycling
walking
stamp collecting
playing sports (can be more specific)
knitting
sewing
drawing
painting
sketching
baking
cooking
writing
blogging
playing board games
water sports
fixing things (computers, cars, things that are broken,...)
watching/observing wildlife
playing video games
collecting/trading comic books
collecting action figures
scrapbooking
creating things with my hands
pottery
designing websites
photography
inventing things
collecting coins
collecting toys
collecting leaves
collecting insects
travelling
thrill seeker
collecting Cd's/DVDs
listening to music
gardening
meeting new people
playing computer games
collecting musical instruments (e.g.; guitars)
collecting paintings
dancing
learning a new language
playing a musical instrument
exploring different cultures

Great job today!

TOEFL Vocabulary Development

In English there are words and phrases that are commonly used.  The best way to increase these expressions is by reading and highlighting the words that you do not know.  Then by looking them up in the dictionary. On account that there is more than one meaning for most words, it's important to make sure that the definition found is in context to how it is used in the sentence.  Additionally, review the new words and practice using them in conversation when the situation arises. 

The words below may or may not be on the TOEFL; however, they are great vocabulary builders.

Choose the definition that best fits the word highlighted in each sentence.



1.  I am intrigued by you.

a. unsure about
b. aroused the interest of
c. confused by
d. in love with

2.  Refrain from eating too much chocolate.

a. a verse
b. don't stop
c. resist the impulse
d. to do often

3. That statement is redundant.

a. repetitive
b. unique
c. boring
d. unimportant

4.  I am contracted to work on that project.
a. to shrink or reduce
b. compression
c. a document or writing containing an agreement
d. an understanding

5. The evidence gathered proves she committed the crime.

a. belief
b. idea
c. proof
d. DNA


                                                                                                                                     Answer:
                                                                                                                         1.b 2.c 3.a 4.c 5.c

Talking About Getting Together with Friends In English

In English there are expressions used when we want to make plans, get out and have fun or "get together" with others. But what does "get gether" means? It means to meet or gather with family members or friends at an informal social gathering.  I am going to take a look at how to apply those expressions in everyday conversations.

Phrases:

"Let's get together..."
"Let's hang out..."
"Let's meet up..."/"Let's meet..."
"Let's do something fun and interesting..."
"Let's join up with..."

Possible Responses:

"Sure!  I would love together."
"I have (other) plans. Maybe another time."
"Sorry, I won't be able to make it."
"Sorry.  Maybe another time."
"I'm sorry, but I will have to take a rain check."
"Sure! When is it and where would you like to meet?"
"Great! Sounds like a plan."
"I love coffee/Chinese food/American food/to shop. Let's meet up!/I'll be there."

Dialog:

Nina is studying for the TOEFL.  She then decides to call her friend Joe, who is also preparing for the TOEFL, to study with her.

The phone rings...

Joe:  Hello.

Nina: Hi Joe.  How are you doing?

Joe:  Good, and you?

Nina:  Not so good.  I am studying for the TOEFL and really having a tough time focusing. I was wondering if you would like to meet up at the library and study together?

Joe:  Sounds great.  I haven't looked at the TOEFL practice exercises for days now.  I am so unmotivated right now.

Nina: Okay. Then let's get together! Can you be ready in a hour?

Joe:  I can be ready in less time.  However, see you within the hour.

Nina:  I'll be in the study area on the second floor. See you then.

Joe:  Thanks for calling.  See you.

Now Your Turn!

Create a scenario using the expressions above.  Call a friend, an acquaintance or family member and make plans to "get together".

You: Would you like to ______________________(expressions above) and have some coffee?

Your friend:  Sure!  I would love to get together! (Use the responses above).

Switch and keep practicing until you are comfortable with the dialog.

Great job today!

Click on the link and image below if you are looking for a text to help you prepare for the TOEFL.

Expressions to Use When Shopping in a Retail Store

Shopping can be overwhelming when you are looking for something specific.  How do you explain to the sales representative what it is that you are looking for, especially when they don't have a large number of that product or item. 

Shopping can be much easier when you are shopping for yourself, but what if you are shopping for someone else, children or a spouse?  Below are a list of phrases that one can use as a guide.

Phrases/Expressions:

When Shopping for Yourself:

"Excuse me? Can you help me?"


"I am looking for a suit/pants/shirt/sweater/skirt/dress..."


"I am a size 3/7/9/11. Do you have this in my size?"


"Do you have this/that in another color?"


"Is this on sale?"


"There isn't a price tag on this. Could you do a price check for me?"


"What is the price for this?"


"Could you tell me the price for this?"


"Do you have a bag/pair of shoes/earrings/hat/... to go with this?"



When Shopping for Someone else:

"I am looking for a shirt/dress/pants/sweater/shoes/... for a 7 year old/for my nephew/for my spouse..."


"I am shopping for my spouse/friend/....  Could you help me decide?"

"I am shopping for my spouse/friend/niece/sister/...  Could you suggest/recommend something?"


When Shopping for an Occasion:

"What do you think would make a good birthday gift for a 40 year old man?/a 4 year old child?/a friend?"


"What would be a good Christmas gift/Mother's Day/Wedding gift/....?


"Do you think that this would make a good house-warming/Father's Day/birthday/... gift?"


"Could you suggest something for a house-warming/wedding/Father's Day/birthday/... gift?

Dialog:

Now let's take a look at how to apply the phrases above in a natural English conversation.

Molly has decided to join a gym and is now shopping for a new pair of workout shoes.

Molly walks into the shoes store...

Sales Agent: Welcome to the Shoe Lockers.  Can I help you?

Molly:  As a matter of fact, yes.  I am looking for a comfortable pair of workout shoes.

Sales Agent:  What size are you?

Molly:  I am a size 7. 

Sales Agent:  What kind of exercise will you be doing?

Molly:  Well, I will be doing some high impact aerobics, jogging outdoors and on the treadmill.

Sales Agent:  In that case, you need something with good  traction and fit.  More so, something that absorbs shock is good. Here, try this on.

Molly:  This fits comfortably, but it doesn't quite fit.  It's a little big for my feet. Do you have something in probably a 6 and a 1/2 ?

Sales Agent:  We do carry half sizes in that brand.  Give me a minute...

Molly:  No problem.

Sales Agent:  Here you go... This should do the trick.

Molly:  These fit perfectly.  Sometimes I wear a half size bigger or smaller depending on the make of the shoes.

Sales Agent:  That's pretty common, because every brand of shoes is made differently.

Molly:  I like this pair; however, do you have it in another color?  I would prefer anything but pink and grey.

Sales Agent: As a matter of fact, we do carry that pair in a dark blue with white trimmings.

Molly:  Great!  That's actually my favorite color. I will take that.

Sales Agent: Great! I will ring that up for you.

Molly: Thank you very much.

Now your turn!

Create your own dialog using the expressions above and the outline below as a guide.

You: Excuse me? Can you help me?

Your friend:  What are you looking for?

You:  I am looking for a ____________ (describe what you are shopping for).

Your friend:  We have that in red/pink/white/blue/...and a size 5/6/7/...  (use the expressions above).

Keep the dialog going for as long as you can and then change roles.

Great Job Today!

Talking About What You Do

In social settings we are often asked about what we do.  This usually refers to one's job or occupation.  There are a number of things that one can say whether you are talking about what you do or inquiring about what someone else does.

Phrases/Expressions when giving information about your job:

"I'm a teacher/lawyer/technician..."

"I'm a professional student/student."

"I'm a stay-at-home mom."

"I oversee the technical department."

"I am a self-employee."

"I work from home."

"I sometimes work from home and the office other times."

"I travel (sometimes/a lot/...) for my job/work."

"I am usually away from the office."

"I primarily run my real estate business out of my home."

"I mainly work as a customer service representative."

"I work part-time/full-time as an office manager/teacher/internet technician..."

Phrases/Expressions when inquiring about what someone does:

"What does your job involve/entail?"

"What do you do (for a living).?"

"What does IT/... mean?

"What do podiatrists/prosecutors/... do?"

"Do you work full-time/part-time?"

"Are you a full-time/part-time employee?"

"Do you travel for your job/work?"

"Do you travel a lot?"

"Do you work from home or the office?"

"What are your responsibilities?"

"Does your job pay well?"/"What's  your annual salary?" (This question can be quite personal depending on the person and the job).

"Do you get a lot of time off or a lot of vacation days?"

"Do you tend to take (a lot of) time off?"

"Do you study or do you work?"

"Do you work and go to school (part-time)?"

"Are you a full-time/part-time student?"

"What's your major?"

"What are you majoring in?"

"What subject are you studying/majoring in?"

"How long have you been in school?"

"What university/college are you going to?"

"When do you graduate?"

"What do you want to do when you graduate?"

"How did you choose/decide on your major?"

"Why did you choose that school?"

"Is the tuition high/a lot?"

"Are books/texts/text books costly?"

"What are your grades like?"

"Do you like university/college life?"

"Do you live at home/on/off campus?"

"What is student life like (in university/college)?"

DIALOG:

Now let's take a look at another way to use the expressions above.

Jiao was on her way to her 10AM lecture when John stopped her to ask for directions.

John:  Excuse me.  Do you know how to get to room 301?

Jiao:  Yes, I am heading to my 10 o'clock lecture in room 304B.  You can follow me if you like.

John:  Thank you.  I would really appreciate that.

Jiao: Are you new here?

John:  Yes, I am. It's my first year here. How about you?

Jiao:  This is my last year here. I am graduating in June of next year.

John:  That's great! Good for you.  What's your major?

Jiao:  Thank you. I am majoring in business finance and political science.  How about you?

John:  I am majoring in Internet technology.  However, I did my masters in business 10 years ago at Harvard.  I just wanted to get out of the workforce and do something a little different.  To be honest, I just needed a change.

Jiao:  That's also impressive.  That means you have a lot of work experience!  What did you do?

John:  Well, I was the Chief Financial Officer for GE; General Electric.  Which is a Fortune 500 company. 

Jiao:  What does a Chief Financial Officer do?

John:  I was in charge of finance, so that means training the finance unit and other staff members about finance management matters, developing new business for the company, overseeing all purchases and payroll and so on. It was a lot of responsibility.  I was always in the office.

Jiao:  Wow... It sounds like it!  But I am sure you were paid well.

John:  Yes, I had a six figure salary. What do you plan to do with your business finance and political science major? 

Jiao: I want to do what you did.  However, right now I am looking forward to completing my masters in business.   Here we are!  There is room 301.

John:  Thank you for your help.  It was nice talking to you.

Jiao:  No problem.  See you around. 

John: Bye.

Now  Your Turn!

Create a dialog using the phrases and dialog above as a guide.

You: What do you do?

Your friend: I'm a __________ (job/student).

You:  Where do you go to school?/What does that entail?

Your friend:  _______________ (describe your job/major/student life).

Switch roles and continue.  Try to keep the dialog/conversation going for as long as possible.

Vocabulary Review:     

six figure salary - Refers to a job that pays at least 100 000 dollars.  It's called "six figures" because there are six figures to the left of the decimal place.

oversee - Means to watch and direct usually a project or a task.

in charge of - Means to be responsible for something.

To be honest - Means "honestly" or just another way to be direct or frank with someone.

entail - Means involve.

See you around - It means to see you again sometime or in passing.  You can also say "see you later" in place of it.  However, keep in mind that it doesn't necessarily mean that you will see the person again.

Great job today!

Talking About Routines

It's commonplace  in the American culture for one to talk about routines or a typical day or week.  This topic of conversation is a great way to make small talk; thus, a common way to sum up a typical day in a casual conversation.  A routine is a habitual or ongoing task/chores completed regularly/often. We can describe these 'routines' by using adverbs of frequency and infrequency like, 'always', 'usually', 'sometimes', and so on.

Adverbs of Frequency:

usually
always
frequently
constantly
typically
regularly
predominantly
generally

Adverbs of Infrequency:

Sometimes
rarely
never
seldom
occasionally
from time to time
every now and then
intermittently
once in a blue moon
hardly ever

Dialog:

Now let's take a look at how to use the frequency and infrequency adverbs listed above in a basic English conversation.

Lilly and Jill are studying for a math test.

Lilly:  I am so tired, Jill.  I  have had three tests this well and I will have one more next week and two essays that I am still researching.  I am so behind...

Jill:  That is hectic.  My schedule is no different, but that's just university life. However, keep in mind that that's a typical week for most university student.

Lilly: That's true!  Out of curiosity... What's a typical day like for you?

Jill:  A typical day... Let me think.  Hmmmm... Well, a routine day for me begins at 7:00AM.  I always get up at 7:00AM and brush my teeth and shower immediately afterwards.  After that, I usually eat breakfast at 7:30AM, then get dressed for work.  I am generally out of my house by 8AM, because my first lecture begins at 8:30AM and it takes me about 15 to 20 minutes to arrive at school by bus.  The first lecture goes until 9:30AM and the second begins at 10:00AM and goes until noon, and it goes like that until 3:00PM. 

Lilly: Wow... That's quite a busy school day.

Jill: I know.  Then we always meet at the library and study until 5:00PM.  I typically arrive home at 5:00PM and then eat dinner at 6:00 sometimes 6:30PM. My parents and I usually sit down around 7:00PM and watch television, play a game and catch up on our day. Finally, I take another shower, brush my teeth and head to bed by 8:30PM. That's a typical day for me!

Lilly: And it starts all over again. I am tired just listening to that! A routine school day for me is not very different, however, I am not usually up until 8AM and I always arrive at school by 9:25AM, just in time for my 9:30AM lecture.  My lectures also go until 3:00PM and I we usually meet in the library and study until 5:00PM together.  However, after I leave the library I usually go to my part-time job downstairs in the school bookstore until 8:00PM and I am usually in my dorm around 8:15PM.  Then I microwave the frozen food my mom makes for me.  Finally, I take a shower, brush my teeth and then hit the hay typically around 10:00PM.

Jill:  I have come to realize that we need more fun in our lives. (Laughs).

Lilly: I second that! I never have any fun during the school year... (Laughs).

Now your Turn!

Verbs to describe your daily routine:

brush teeth
brush my hair
wash my hair
make breakfast
eat breakfast
take a shower
drive to work
get dressed
work out/exercise
order lunch
make lunch
play sports
go for a walk
go shopping for grocery
make dinner
prepare dinner

Use the dialog and vocabulary above as a guide to answer the questions above.

What's your daily routine?

What's a typical day like for you?

What's a typical weekend like?

What's your job?

What's your major?

When do you leave  home?

When do you return home?

Great job today!

How to Wish Someone Well for the Holiday Season

It's that festive time of year again when everyone around the world celebrates the end of the old year and beginning of the new year.   In the Western and Eastern culture a variety of celebrations take place like Diwali, American Thanksgiving, Hanukkah, Christmas, Kwanzaa, Boxing Day, New Year's Day, Chinese New Year, Chinese Lantern Festival, Rosh Hashanah, and so on. This is the time of year when family and friends get together to celebrate the holidays home and abroad.  If you are someone who lives in the Western culture or has friends from or in other countries, you may want to wish them well for the holiday season; but is unsure of what to say or how to say what you want to say. Below is a list of phrases that you can use to wish someone well for the holiday season.

Politically correct/Generic Term:

"Happy holidays!" (This includes all  holiday celebrations).

"I wish you all the best for the holidays."

"Seasons greetings!"


More Specific Phrases:

"Happy Thanksgiving!" (A celebration of harvest).

"Merry/Happy Christmas!" (Is a Christian holiday greeting. "Happy Christmas" is used in both America and Britain; however more so in Britain).

"Merry/Happy X-mas." (A shorten or informal Christmas greeting).

"Happy Hanukkah!" (A Jewish holiday greeting).

"Happy Kwanzaa!" (An African-American celebration of family and community).

"Happy New Year!"


Dialog:

Now let's look at how to use the vocabulary above in a typical English conversation.
As Terry and Maya wrap-up for the holiday season; Terry hands Maya a Christmas card. 

Maya: Thanks Terry!  I am so sorry, but I did not get you anything.

Terry: Don't worry about it. This is my way of playing "Santa". We have only worked together for 5 months, plus you are new to the company.  I have been making homemade cards for my co-workers for 3 years now.

Maya: That's really nice of you! Let me take a look at your handy work! (She opens the envelope and reads the card). "Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year. Season's greetings".  I love the illustration. This is really great!  However, I don't celebrate Christmas.

Terry:  Oh, I am so sorry!  I didn't think to ask.

Maya: That's okay.  Most people assume that I do.  I am a Christian, but I just don't celebrate Christmas.  I celebrate Kwanzaa.

Terry: I've heard of Kwanzaa; however, I am not sure what entails.

Maya: Kwanzaa means the first fruits of celebration. It's a 7 day celebration which begins December 26th and ends January 1st, annually.  It is celebrated with the lighting of 7 candles in a candle holder or kinera.  The focus is family and community; there is a feast, gift giving and of course great food! (laughs).

Terry:  It sounds wonderful. It sounds a lot like Christmas; but different... Well, for Christmas I will be volunteering at the homeless shelter.  I would like to invite you.

Maya.  Thank you. Let me check my calendar and call you tomorrow. I have gotta' run. Thanks for the card!

Terry:  You are welcome! I am looking forward to that phone call!

Maya: You can hold me to that! Bye.

Terry: Bye.

Now your Turn!

Use the phrases above to role play with a family member or friend!

You: What are you doing for the holiday season?

Your friend/family member:  I am ________________ (respond by stating what your plans are).

You:  That sounds great!/(other adjectives). (If it's a holiday celebration as for your friend to explain the meaning of the holiday).

Your friend/family member: Thank you!/(Respond to the explanation).

Great job today!

Making Small Talk

Small talk is something we all do no matter what culture we are from or country we live in.  It's a polite way to get to know others in social settings.  Making small talk is not just about the ability to say "hello" and nod and smile, but it involves one's ability to speak knowledgeably on a wide array of social topics. Therefore, reading the newspaper, books, magazines, watching the news regularly and by staying up-to-date on current events is a great way to improve one's ability to small talk. This is also a great way to build one's vocabulary. The ability to make 'small talk' can sometimes be influenced by one's personality - so are you outgoing or more of an introvert or a social recluse? So yes, personality does play a part, but it doesn't have to play a huge part.

When making small talk it's important to stay away from taboo subjects like politics, religion, sexuality, money, conflicts between countries and the like.  Making small talk can be easy when there is a common interest. You can talk about the weather (it affects everyone), your work day, a popular book or show, travel, shopping; trivial things.  Additionally, it's not only important to know how to make small talk, but it's also important to know when to end it.  Like making small talk, ending and changing the topic of conversation  is just as important and may also be an art. At the end of the day, making small talk comes easy if one stays up-to-date on current events, finds a common interest, listens well, and knows how and when to end or change the topic of conversation.

Dialog:

Now let's take a look at how to make small talk in a social setting.  You can also use this to role play with a family member or friend.

Lisa is supposed to meet her date, Jay at the Toronto Art Museum at 7:00 pm.  However, decided to leave early to avoid being caught in the evening traffic. She arrives at the museum 6:15 pm and decided to go to the museum store to waste time until her date arrives.

Sales associate: Do you need help finding anything?

Lisa:  No, I am just browsing.

Sales associate:  Okay. If you need help finding anything, please feel free to ask.

Lisa: Thank you.  I am meeting my date here, but I came a little early to beat the evening traffic. I really dislike getting caught in traffic.

Sales associate:  I understand!  It is so frustrating sitting in (congested) traffic waiting for cars to move. It's a waste of time!

Lisa:  I agree! (Laughs). It's also a waste of gas and money! It's quite inconvenient to take cars in big cities like Toronto, so imagine even bigger cities like Tokyo, London, Hong Kong and so on. It must be ten times more overwhelming.

Sales associate:  I have lived in places like London, England and I have to say that the train system is great; however, you are right, driving in the city can be really stressful.

Lisa: Oh, look at the time.  My date should be here already. It was really great speaking with you. My name is Lisa.

Sales associate:  Nice to meet you.  (Hand shake). My  name is Julie.  It was great speaking with you too. See  you around.  Take care.

Lisa: You too.  Bye.

Sales associate:  Bye.

Now your turn!

Topics of Small Talk:

Self-introduction - introduce name, hobbies, likes and dislikes, hometown or country of birth etc., and vise versa

Sports - popular sports, favorite teams, seasonal sports...

Family - children, spouse, parents...

Media - popular books and magazines, channels, music, the internet, current movies or favorite movies...

Weather - current weather forecast, favorite season(s), favorite seasonal activities or interests...

Work - career, career interest, your passion, employment...

Shopping - grocery shopping, clothes shopping, current trends in fashion, expenses...

Celebrities (a popular topic of conversation) - Hollywood, celebrities in the news; your favorite celebrity, actor or actress; singers and other artists...

Education - your major, schools attended ...

Current Events - (be careful here not to talk about politics or conflicts between countries unless you know the person well); natural disasters, crime/crime rate, the Prince of England's engagement...

Create your own dialog using the above list of popular topics of small talk as a guide when making small talk.

Below is an outline of how to do that.

You: How was your day at work?

Your friend/family member:  It was great/boring/...___________ (adjective).

You:  I am sorry to hear that./I am glad to hear that you had a good work day.

Your friend/family member: Thank you. How was yours?

You: __________________ (Respond).

Your friend/Family member: ___________ (Respond).


Vocabulary Review:


- Someone who is shy or gets nervous in social situations.

- a person who lives alone or in isolation.

 - When someone is informed of the latest information or news event.

current events - events or issues of interest to you found in the daily news

 - When something has a strong emotional effect on someone.

 - A build-up or increase of something (like cars on the road during rush hour).

  - Something that is of little importance.

 - This refers to when groups of people in government make collective decisions.  It also refers to the attitude and behavior of the government and people in different work environments.

Wide array - A variety of choices, collection, or opinion.  It is also a large collection of something.

Great job today!

 If you would like to know more about how to make small talk, the book below is quite informative.

Ending or Changing the topic of Conversation

Ending a conversation is never an easy thing. Most of us find ourselves in long-drawn-out (just another way to say 'a very long time') conversations  that are boring, uncomfortable and have no real substance.  Many a times/many times (they mean the same thing and can be used interchangeably) we choose not to end them because we do not want to be rude. Well, ending a conversation or changing the topic of conversation is kind of like saying goodbye. Below are some phrases that one can use to end or change the topic of conversation.

Ending a Conversation With a Stranger:

"It was nice meeting you."

"I have to go. Nice talking to you."

"It was nice speaking with you, but I have to go now. Bye."

"Have a good day. Bye."

"I have an appointment, so I've got to go."


In General:

"I've got some work to do."

"Talk to you later."

"We will continue this (conversation) later."

"Could we change the topic (of conversation)?"

"This is not the best topic of conversation."

"I am not comfortable having this conversation with you."

"I would prefer not to discuss this (topic)z with you."

"Why don't you call me later?"

"I'm busy."

"I have a lot on my plate right now.  Maybe we can continue this later."

"Let's pick up this conversation later/after breakfast/tomorrow/in a hour..."

"Sorry to cut you off, but..."

Dialog:

Now let's take a look at how to develop a conversation using the above phrases.

Sam is waiting at the bus stop for a bus when an old lady approaches...

Old lady: Excuse me young man.  Do you know when the next bus is?

Sam:  Yes.  In about 5  minutes.      

Old lady: Thank you. (Pause). Nice day isn't it?

Sam: Yes it is.  It's supposed to get hotter tomorrow.

Old lady:  Is that so? Oh...

Sam:  Well, here comes the bus. It was nice speaking with you.

Old lady:  You too. Thanks.

Now your Turn!

I will give you two situations in which you will need to create your own dialog for. You can role play with a family member or a friend. 

Situation 1:

You are in a taxi cab and the taxi driver is talking about his day and not paying attention to the road.  How would you handle it? Use the phrases above to help you.

Situation 2:

You are at the movie theatre with a friend and the person sitting next  to you is talking about the premise of the movie  you are about to watch.  How would you respond? Use the phrases above to help you.

Multiple Choice!
Choose the best  way to end the conversation.

1.  You are shopping for a Christmas gifts at the Gap store and a fellow shopper starts complaining to you about how they hate to shop for Christmas presents.  You are focused on getting some shopping done because you have a busy schedule. What's the best response under the circumstance?

a.  "I know. Christmas shopping is expensive! I hate it too..."
b.  "I agree.  Shopping for gifts can be overwhelming."
c.  "I understand. Hope it gets better! Have a good day."
d.  "I know.  There is always a large crowd. Blah, blah, blah..."

2.  You are on the train reading a good book and the person sitting next to you ask you for the time.  You give her the time and she continues to talk about her day; however, you would really love to get back to reading your book.  How would you respond?

a. Continue listening and just nod in agreement to show that you are listening.
b. "Sounds like you had a busy day." Then continue to listen.
c. Ignore her and return to reading your book.
d. "I hope your evening gets better, but I was hoping to finish this chapter."

3.  Your friend calls you on the phone because he or she is bored, but you were in the middle of watching your favorite t.v. sitcom; Friends.  Would you respond by saying...

a. "Call me back later./I will call you back later.  I am in the middle of something."
b. "Would like to get together and do something fun?"
c. "I am sorry to  hear that you are bored and I hope you feel better, but I am busy."
d. "Ha! Ha! Ha!! Phoebe is so funny.  Sorry. What were you saying?"

4. Your spouse is in the other room reading to the children. Therefore you decided that it's best time to video Skype your friend Donna in France and in the middle of your conversation your son runs out crying and demands your attention.  You respond by saying...

a.  "I am so sorry Donna, but my son is upset." Then find out what's wrong, resolve the matter and return to your video conference.
b. "Go see your dad.  I am in the middle of a conversation."
c. Continue talking and ignore your son.
d. "Excuse me Donna.  What's the matter son? (Wait for a response). Sorry Donna, I will have to call you back.  Talk to you later."

Great job today!

Ans: c, d, a, a/d

Saying Goodbye

It's always difficutl to say goodbye, especially when it's family or a close friend. However, there are some things we can say or do to make saying goodbye easier.  We can make saying goodbye a little easier by letting our friend know that we will write emails or letters, call or Skype them, and of course, visit them.  This can sometimes make saying goodbye easier because it's a way to reasure each other that goodbyes are not forever. Below are some phrases that one can use when saying goodbye.

Business/Formal Goodbye: (Usually accompanied by a handshake)

"It was nice meeting you..."

"I will be in touch..."

"Here is my  number; call me..."

"Goodbye./Bye."

Informal Goodbyes:

"I will miss you..."

"Please stay in touch..."

"Let's stay in touch..."

"I will call/email/write/visit you sometimes..."

"See you soon/later..."

"Bye for now..."

"I've got to run./I gotta' run."

"Talk to you later."
"Catch you/ya' later."

"See you around."

"Hope to see you again soon."

Saying Goodbye on the Telephone:

"I've got to let you go."

"I am sorry to cut you off, but I have to go now."

"I have to go now."

"I am sorry to end our conversation, but I've got to go."

"I will talk to you later. Bye."

"It was nice talking to you. Goodbye./Bye."

"I have to end our call now. Bye."

Below is a sample dialog of how to use the above phrases in everyday English conversation.  You can role play with a friend or family member .

Beth just called her friend June to invite her to join her study group.

Phone rings...

Beth:  Hi June!  How are you doing?

June: I'm good and you?

Beth: Fine. Thanks!  I was just calling to invite you to join my study group this evening. We are getting together at North Public Library at 6pm.

June:  Thank you for thinking of me Beth, but I have plans this evening.  Maybe another time.

Beth:  I understand.  Well, I would love to chat, but I have a lot of preparing to do. Talk to you later.

June: Okay. Take care.  Bye.

Beth: Bye.

NOW YOUR TURN!

Firstly, I would like you to create your own dialog with a friend or family member.  You can create a scenario for yourself and your partner. Are you saying goodbye at the bus stop, subway station, on the phone or at the end of a work day?  There are many scenarios that you can come up with to make the situation as realistic as possible.

Secondly, I would like you to pretend that your friend is going to study abroad. How would you say goodbye? Would you promise to visit, to phone, Skype or to write them? Would you tell them that you are going to miss them? Openly communicate what you are thinking  and feeling to make this role play as realistic as possible.

Great job today!

Superstitions

Superstitions, as aforementioned, are a set of beliefs or practices that aren't based on fact, experience or rationale.  It remains in most cultures because of fear or faith, however, it's not founded on results. There are cultural, cross-cultural, personal and religious superstitions.




Superstitions in the American culture:

Do not walk under a ladder, it will bring bad luck.

Breaking a mirror it will bring seven years of bad luck.

A groom can not see his bride before the wedding, because it's bad luck.

A bride must have something old, something new, borrowed and blue before she weds, otherwise it's bad luck.

It's bad luck if a black cat crosses your path.

It's good luck to carry a rabbits foot.

Knock on wood three times if someone says something unfavorable/unkind.

Say "Bless you" if someone sneezes, for good luck.

The 13th floor in any building is bad luck.

The number 13 is bad luck.

The dialog below is a good example of how to apply the phrases above. You can role play using the dialog below.

Teacher Jenny and her students are looking at the meaning of "superstition" in their E.S.L. class.

Teacher Jenny: Last class we were supposed to cover "describing people", however, we ended up covering "taboo subjects".  This was great because we were able to cover a topic I would not have otherwise covered.  On account that some of you confused "superstitions" with "taboos", I have decided to cover "superstitions" today.

Student 2:  That's great! I went home from the last class we had and I thought about some superstitions in my culture.

Teacher Jenny:  That's great! You are one step ahead of me.  I was just going to ask everyone to think of some superstitions in their culture.  Here is a handout with a list of some American superstitions. Please pass it around. Thank you.

Student 2:  I am Korean and in my culture we believe that  you will have bad luck if you see crows in morning before school or work.

Teacher Jenny:  That's very interesting...  Thank you for sharing. Crows are bad luck in the American culture too.  It's probably because of the nature of crows themselves. Anyone else?

Student 3:  I am from India and in my culture we believe that if you look at a picture of your mother's face or God just after waking up then it will bring good luck the entire day.

Teacher Jenny:  That's a really good one! As a mother, I am lead to believe that it true.  He he  he.  Thank you for sharing. 

Students:  (All laughs).

Teacher Jenny: Would anyone else like to volunteer?

Student 1:  In the Chinese culture we believe that on Chinese New Year everyone must open all the windows in their house to let the old year old out and the new year in.

Student 4:  Can I share something?

Teacher Jenny:  Sure!  Please go ahead.

Student 4:  In the Japanese culture "umeboshi" means pickled plum and in my culture we believe that eating  umeboshi everyday will bring luck. 

Teacher Jenny:  Thank you.  Now I will share.  I believe most of you already know this but in the American culture we believe that if a black cat crosses your path it will bring bad luck. To avoid bad luck one should turn around and go the other way.

Student 4:  We believe the same thing in Japan. 

Teacher Jenny:  That's interesting! I believe most cultures share a lot of the same superstitions, because of the cross-cultural exchange.  As you all know, many countries have historical and cultural ties and because of immigration and colonization a lot of these cultures have the same beliefs and/or superstitions.

Student 1:  I agree.  I can see that from the list on your handout.

Teacher Jenny:  Thank you for coming today everyone!  Great job! See you all tomorrow.


Now your turn!

Make a list of some superstitions you know and role play with a friend or family member using the outline below.

You:  In my culture we believe ____________ (state the superstition).

Your friend:  Why is that?

You:  We believe that because ____________ (explain).

Your friend:  That's very interesting.  In my culture/country we believe _________ (state the superstition(s)).

You:  Could you explain why you believe that?

Your friend:  We believe that because ________ (explain).

You:  We have the same belief./That's interesting!

Great job today!